A little-known group called Revolutionary Class Self-Defense has claimed responsibility for two recent bomb attacks in Athens, reigniting concerns over the resurgence of domestic terrorism in Greece.
The group’s name first surfaced in February 2024, following the detonation of an explosive device outside the Ministry of Labor on Stadiou Street. A second bomb exploded in April 2025 outside the offices of Hellenic Train on Syngrou Avenue. While both attacks caused only property damage, they marked a shift after several years of relative calm in Greece’s domestic terrorism landscape.
The group identifies with a radical, anti-capitalist, and anti-authoritarian ideology. In manifestos posted to online platforms, Revolutionary Class Self-Defense has explicitly linked its actions to broader political and social struggles, citing opposition to capitalist structures, state repression, and solidarity with Palestine. Its messaging also references the fatal Tempi train disaster of February 2023, in which 57 people were killed. The group accuses both Hellenic Train—a subsidiary of Italy’s Ferrovie dello Stato—and the Greek government of systemic negligence and capitalist exploitation.
Authorities believe Revolutionary Class Self-Defense is distinct from the older group Revolutionary Self-Defense, which was dismantled in 2019 following attacks on embassies, political party offices, and police stations. Nonetheless, Greek counter-terrorism units are investigating possible connections between the two, as well as links to older anarchist or anti-authoritarian networks. So far, no arrests have been made in relation to the latest bombings.
Security experts and Greek officials are treating the group’s emergence as part of a broader trend of renewed far-left militancy, especially following incidents in late 2023 involving parcel bombs. Analysts point to growing public discontent over the economy, inequality, and high-profile tragedies like the Tempi crash as possible drivers of radicalization.
Though the attacks were preceded by warning calls and resulted in no casualties, Greek authorities have stepped up surveillance and investigation, wary of the possibility of more sophisticated operations in the future.
For now, Revolutionary Class Self-Defense remains an underground group, operating anonymously and attempting to frame its actions as part of a larger political struggle—one that challenges the legitimacy of the state and its institutions.
