On this Day in History: September 28

SpaceX made history by successfully launching the first privately developed liquid-fueled rocket to reach orbit. This milestone marked a significant achievement in the commercial space industry, setting the stage for future SpaceX missions.

In 1958, Madagascar Votes for Autonomy within the French Community
Madagascar held a referendum in which the population voted overwhelmingly in favor of becoming an autonomous republic within the French Community. This was a key step toward full independence, which the island nation achieved in 1960.

In 1911, Italy Issues an Ultimatum to Turkey Regarding Tripolitana and Cyrenaica
Italy issued an ultimatum to the Ottoman Empire, demanding control of Tripolitana and Cyrenaica (modern-day Libya). When Turkey refused, it led to the Italo-Turkish War, which ultimately resulted in Italy gaining control over the territories.

In 1781, The Siege of Yorktown Begins
American and French forces began the Siege of Yorktown, the final major military engagement of the American Revolutionary War. The siege led to the surrender of British General Cornwallis, effectively securing American independence.

In 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo Discovers California
On September 28, 1542, Spanish explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo became the first European to explore the coast of California, landing near what is now San Diego. His expedition helped expand European knowledge of the Pacific coast.

In 1066, The Norman Conquest Begins
William the Conqueror and his Norman forces landed in England on September 28, beginning the Norman Conquest. This invasion culminated in the decisive Battle of Hastings, leading to William becoming king of England.

In 351, Magnetius is Defeated in the Battle of Mursa
Roman Emperor Constantius II defeated the usurper Magnetius in the Battle of Mursa, one of the bloodiest battles in Roman history. The victory helped Constantius regain control over the Western Roman Empire.